@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Londrina+Outline&display=swap');

  
  /* Base Styles */
    body {
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
      background-color: #ffffff00;
      color: #222;
      
      /* font-family: 'Inter', sans-serif; */
      font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
        }

    /* Header */
    header {
      text-align: center;
      padding: 2rem 1rem 1rem;
      font-family: 'Londrina Outline', cursive;
    }

/* this h1 is for main name Saqib Hussain */
    h1 {
      /* font-family: 'Fleur De Leah', cursive; */
    /* font-family: 'Londrina Outline', cursive; */
      /* font-family: 'Great Vibes', cursive; */
      /* font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; */
      font-family: 'Cookie', cursive;
      font-size: 2rem;
      font-weight: 12;
            padding: 2rem 1rem 1rem;

}

/* this h2is for main name Saqib Hussain */
    h4, h5, h6 {

  /* font-family: 'Updock', cursive; */

      /* font-family: 'Great Vibes', cursive; */
      font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
      font-size: 1.5rem;
      font-weight: 50;
      margin: 5;
}



    .gray-line {
      width: 70%;
      height: .5px;
      background-color: #8f8f8f;
      margin: -0.5rem auto;
    }

    /* Navigation */


    nav {
      position: static;
      text-align: center;
      margin: 1rem 0;
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', cursive;

    }

    nav a {
      position: relative;
      display: inline-block;
      margin: 0 1.2rem;
      padding: 0px 0;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-weight: 600;
      font-size: .8rem;
      letter-spacing: 1px;
      color: #000000;
      transition: color 0.3s ease;
    }

    nav a::after {
      content: '';
      position: absolute;
      width: 99%;
      height: 1px;
      background-color: #222;
      bottom: -2px;
      left: 0;
      transform: scaleX(0);
      transform-origin: left;
      transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    }

    nav a:hover {
      color: #000;
    }

    nav a:hover::after,
    nav a.active::after {
      transform: scaleX(1);
    }

    /* Section */
    section {
      max-width: 1000px;
      margin: 6rem auto;
      padding: 0 1rem;
      display: flex;
      align-items: flex-start;
      justify-content: space-between;
      gap: 2rem;
    }

    .bio-text {
      flex: 1;
      font-size: .9rem;
      color: #333;
    }

    h2 {
      font-size: 1rem;
      border-bottom: 0.00001px solid #ababab;
            padding-top: .5rem;
      padding-bottom: .1rem;
      margin-bottom: .1rem;
      align-self: center;
    }


    h4 {
      font-size: 1rem;
      padding-top: .5rem;
      padding-bottom: .1rem;
      margin-bottom: .1rem;
      align-self: center;
    }



/* Affiliations Links */
.bio-text .affiliations {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: .8rem;
  text-align: left;
  margin-bottom: .6rem;
}

.bio-text .affiliations a {
  color: #000000;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 800;
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.bio-text .affiliations a:hover {
  color: #fe9400;
}

.bio-text .affiliations .separator {
  color: #888;
  margin: 0 0.5rem;
}

/* Short Bio */
.bio-text .short-bio {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: #333;
}

/* Interests */
/* .bio-text .interests {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #ff1111;
} */

/* Extra Bio (hidden initially) */
.bio-text .extra-bio {
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
  font-size: .85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
  color: #333;
}

/* Expand Button */
.bio-text .expand-btn {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: .1px solid #000;
  color: #000;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 100;
  border-radius: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-top: 0.1rem;
    font-family: font-family: 'Updock', cursive;

}

.bio-text .expand-btn:hover {
  background-color: #515050;
  color: #fff;
}





/* Image Holder */
.image-holder {
  width: 30%;
  height: 420px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0eafc, #cfdef3);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.12);
  position: relative;
}

/* Image */
.image-holder img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease, filter 0.5s ease;
  
  /* Initially black & white */
  filter: grayscale(100%) brightness(120%) contrast(105%);
}

/* Hover: reveal original colors and slight zoom */
.image-holder:hover img {
  transform: scale(1.05);
  filter: grayscale(0%) brightness(105%) contrast(110%);
}


    /* Expand Button */
    .expand-btn {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: .1px solid #000;
  color: #000;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 100;
  border-radius: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-top: 0.1rem;
    font-family: font-family: 'Updock', cursive;
    }

       .button-container-papers .expand-btn {
  background-color: transparent;
  border: .1px solid #000;
  color: #000;
  padding: 3px 8px;
  font-size: 0.6rem;
  font-weight: 100;
  border-radius: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  margin-top: 0.1rem;
    font-family: font-family: 'Updock', cursive;
    }

    .expand-btn:hover {
      background-color: #646464;
      color: #fff;
    }

    .extra-bio {
      display: none;
      margin-top: 1rem;
      font-size: 0.95rem;
      color: #444;
    }

    /* Footer */
    footer {
      text-align: center;
      padding: 2rem 1rem;
      margin-top: 2rem;
      color: #444;
    }

    .button-container {
      display: flex;
      flex-wrap: wrap;
      gap: 0.6rem;
      justify-content: center;
    }


    .button-container-papers {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start; /* align left */
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

    .button-container-papers .expand-btn {
      font-size: 0.5rem;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    .button-container .expand-btn {
      font-size: 0.5rem;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }

    /* Responsive */
    @media (max-width: 768px) {
      section {
        flex-direction: column;
      }

      .image-holder {
        width: 100%;
        height: 320px;
      }
    }



    
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Custom Cursor with Transparent Shadow</title>
  <style>
    /* Custom Cursor */
    body {
      cursor: none;
    }

   .cursor {
  position: fixed;
  width: 180px; /* Slightly smaller to give a smoother feel */
  height: 180px;
  border-radius: 50%; /* Perfect circle for smoothness */
  pointer-events: none;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  transition: transform 0.2s ease-out, background-color 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.025); /* Very dim grey with 95% transparency */
  box-shadow: 0 0 200px rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.025); /* Larger, subtle glow around the edges */
  z-index: 9999; /* Ensures the cursor is always on top */
}

.cursor:hover {
  background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.025); /* Subtle color change on hover */
  box-shadow: 0 0 300px rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.025); /* Glow effect intensifies on hover */
}



/*theme changing button*/

#themeToggle {
  position: fixed;        /* Fixes it relative to viewport */
  bottom: 10px;           /* Distance from bottom */
  right: 10px;            /* Distance from right */
  padding: 1px 1px;     /* Button size */
  font-size: 1rem;      /* Icon size */
  border: none;
  border-radius: 10%;     /* Circular button */
  background-color: #00000000; /* Dark background */
  color: #fff;            /* White icon */
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 0px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); /* Subtle shadow */
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 1000;          /* Ensure it's on top */
}

#themeToggle:hover {
  background-color: #8e8c8c; /* Slightly lighter on hover */
  transform: scale(1.05);  /* Small pop effect */
}



/* Dark Theme */
body.dark-theme {
  background-color: #000000fe; /* dark background */
  color: #c4c4c4;            /* light text for readability */
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Links in dark theme */
body.dark-theme a {
  color: #e1e1e1;         /* golden color for contrast */
  transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

body.dark-theme a:hover {
  color: #ff9100;         /* lighter gold on hover */
}

/* Header H1 in dark theme */
body.dark-theme h1 {
  color: #ffffff;
}

/* H2, H3, H4 in dark theme */
body.dark-theme h2,
body.dark-theme h3,
body.dark-theme h4,
body.dark-theme h5,
body.dark-theme h6 {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: #bbb; /* for bottom borders of h2 etc. */
}

/* Navigation */
body.dark-theme nav a {
  color: #fff; /* navigation links */
}

body.dark-theme nav a:hover,
body.dark-theme nav a.active::after {
  color: #fca311; 
  border-color: #fca311;
}

/* Bio Text */
body.dark-theme .bio-text,
body.dark-theme .bio-text .short-bio,
body.dark-theme .bio-text .extra-bio,
body.dark-theme .bio-text .affiliations a {
  color: #ddd;
}

body.dark-theme .bio-text .affiliations a:hover {
  color: #fca311;
}

/* Expand Button */
body.dark-theme .expand-btn {
  border-color: #fff;
  color: #fff;
}

body.dark-theme .expand-btn:hover {
  background-color: #383838;
  color: #c8c8c8;
}




.pdf-container {
  display: block;
  margin: 2rem auto;
  width: 40vw;
  height: 70vh;
  border: 2px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  border-radius: 16px;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.25);
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.4s ease, box-shadow 0.4s ease, border-color 0.4s ease;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #f5f5f5, #e0e0e0);
}

.pdf-container:hover {
  transform: translateY(-15px) scale(1);        /* Lift only, no scale */
  box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);
  border-color: #000000;
}

.pdf-embed {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  border: none;
}







/* Wrapper for centering all paper categories */
.papers-wrapper {
  max-width: 1000px;      /* Limit width for better readability */
  margin: 0 auto 4rem;   /* Center horizontally and give bottom spacing */
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 3rem;             /* Space between categories */
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
}
/* Buttons */
.button-container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.expand-btn {
  background: none;
  border: 1px solid #333;
  padding: 6px 14px;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 20px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
}

.expand-btn:hover {
  background: #333;
  color: #fff;
}

body.dark-theme .expand-btn {
  border-color: #fff;
  color: #fff;
}

body.dark-theme .expand-btn:hover {
  background: #444;
  color: #fff;
}




.paper-title { 
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; 
  font-size: .9rem; 
  font-weight: 100; 
  margin-bottom: 0.1rem; 
  font-weight: 600;
}

.paper-meta {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #444;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.journal-name a {
    font-size: 0.85rem; 
  font-weight: 600; 
    font-size: 0.8rem; 
  color: #0089c9;    /* link blue */
  text-decoration: none;

  
}

.journal-name a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
    color: #fca311;    /* link blue */
}



  .coauthor { 
  font-size: 0.85rem; 
  font-weight: 400; 
  color: #6a6a6a; 
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }


.abstract-box {
  display: none;
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  text-align: justify;
  color: #2c2c2c;
  background-color: #fafafa;       /* clean light background */
  border: 0.5px solid #8e8c8c;       /* single subtle border */
  padding: 1rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 6px;               /* slight curve */
  transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.5s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
  overflow: hidden;
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif; /* elegant serif font */
}

.abstract-box.show {
  display: block;
  max-height: 1000px;
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}



html {
  overflow-y: scroll; /* Always reserve space for vertical scrollbar */
}


  .resources-container {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .resource-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.8rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-family: 'Playfair Display', serif;
    background-color: #ffffff00; /* transparent background */
    color: #000000;
    border: 1px solid #444; /* very thin dark gray border */
    border-radius: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
  }

  .resource-btn:hover {
    background-color: #767575; /* dark gray hover */
    color: #fff; /* text color changes to white on hover */
    transform: scale(1.05);
  }

  .resource-btn:active {
    transform: scale(1);
  }







  

.course-list {
    margin: auto;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
    max-width: 950px;
}

.course-item {
    position: relative;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    margin: 10px 0;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

/* Vertical left border as a short line */
.course-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 1px;          /* border thickness */
    height: 50%;         /* reduced height of the border */
    background-color: #717171;
}

/* Dark theme border */
body.dark-theme .course-item::before {
    background-color: #fff7f7;
}

/* Date styling */
.course-item .date {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #363636;
    margin-right: 10px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

body.dark-theme .course-item .date {
    color: #d2cbcb;
}

/* Title styling */
.course-item .title {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #353535;
    font-size: 1em;
    display: inline-block;
}

body.dark-theme .course-item .title {
    color: #dfdfdf;
}

/* Institution styling */
.course-item .institution {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.9em;
    color: #4e4c4c;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

body.dark-theme .course-item .institution {
    color: #cacaca;
}